Bitwise XOR Assignment (^=) Expression

Summary

Apply logical exclusive OR to the value of a variable.

Syntax

variable ^= expression

Parameters

variable: The variable, property, or array element to update.
expression: Any legal expression.

Description

For numeric and Boolean variables, the ^= operator computes the value of the expression on the right, and then applies a logical exclusive OR operation with it to the variable, property, or array element on the left. The expression on the right is evaluated prior to assignment.

The ^= operator is equivalent to the ^ operator with the left-hand side being the variable, property, or array element to modify and the right-hand side being the expression to apply the logical exclusive OR operation with. Therefore, the following expressions are equivalent:

x ^= 5;    // Equivalent to x = x ^ 5
x = x ^ 5; // Equivalent to x ^= 5

How Bitwise XOR Operations Work

In a bitwise XOR operation, values are converted to equal-length binary representations. For example, the decimal (base 10) number 0 (zero) may be converted to the binary form 0000 and the number 1 (one) may be converted to 0001. The bitwise XOR operation will compare each bit. If both bits are 0 (zero), the resulting bit is 0 (zero); if both bits are 1 (one), the resulting bit is 0 (zero); if either bit is 1 (one) and the opposite bit is 0 (zero), the resulting bit is 1 (one).

  0000 (0)
  0001 (1)
  ----
= 0001 (1)

  0011 (3)
  0101 (5)
  ----
= 0110 (6)

Differences from JavaScript

Logical exclusive OR operations are not limited to 32-bit integers in JS++. ^{Unimplemented} In JavaScript, the logical exclusive OR operation is limited to signed 32-bit integers.

Examples

Basic Usage

import System;
 
int x = 0;
Console.log(x); // 0
x ^= 0;
Console.log(x); // 0
x ^= 1;
Console.log(x); // 1